The Structure of Narratives in the Masnavi with Emphasis on the Element of Time

Abstract

The present study aims to provide a precise analysis of narrative structure and temporal dimensions in the Masnavi-ye Ma‘navi. The research examines key concepts separately, including story time, narrative time, and the order of events. Through this approach, the study seeks to clarify the representation of time in Rumi’s text and its influence on the semantic, literary, and mystical structure of the Masnavi. The research adopts a descriptive–analytical method, and data were collected through close reading of the Masnavi-ye Ma‘navi, analysis of narrative structures, and examination of relevant scholarly sources. The analytical framework includes the investigation of temporal components, analysis of narrative structure, identification of multilayered narrative techniques, and stylistic evaluation of narration in order to reveal the relationships among temporality, event sequencing, narrative presentation, and reader experience. The findings indicate that time in the Masnavi-ye Ma‘navi is not experienced merely in a linear and sequential manner; rather, Rumi constructs a multilayered and nonlinear temporal structure through techniques such as flashback, foreshadowing, embedded narratives, temporal overlap of events, and narrative suspension. These techniques enable the representation of mystical experiences, philosophical reflections, and multiple layers of meaning, transforming the reader’s engagement with the text from a purely chronological experience into a trans-temporal, mental, and symbolic one. By shifting narrative perspective and employing temporal displacements, Rumi establishes a complex relationship among time, space, characters, and spiritual themes. This characteristic distinguishes the Masnavi from purely linear narratives and facilitates the emergence of multiple semantic layers as well as philosophical and mystical contemplation. The present study can contribute significantly to the development of narratological studies and narrative analysis of classical Persian texts, particularly within the field of mystical and spiritual literature.