Analysis of Focalization Techniques in the Story of Vis and Ramin by Fakhr al-Din As'ad Gorgani

Authors

    Mina Ghasemi Ebrahim Abadi PhD Student, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Literature and Humanities Faculty , Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
    Mohammadsadegh Basiri * Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Literature and Humanities Faculty, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. basiri@uk.ac.ir
    Najme Hosseini Sarvari Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature,Humanities and Literature Faculty, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.

Keywords:

Narratology, Vis and Ramin , Gérard Genette, focalization

Abstract

"Focalization," as one of the innovative theories proposed by Gérard Genette in narratology, examines the structure of narrative, techniques, and strategies for distributing knowledge (awareness) by the narrator. It elucidates the dominant ideology of the text in relation to its impact on the audience’s understanding of the narrative. Genette’s significant distinction between two key narrative agents—"Who sees?" and "Who speaks?"—identifies two primary functions within the text: the act of "telling" and the act of "seeing." The focalizer (the agent of focalization), after positioning itself as an intermediary between the reader and the text, influences the reader’s perception through different modes of focalization: perceptual, psychological, and ideological. These modes operate with varying degrees and qualities, leading to different effects on the audience. In this article, focalization techniques in Vis and Ramin, a work by Fakhr al-Din As'ad Gorgani, are examined to determine how the element of "awareness" is distributed within the narrative. The findings indicate that the narrator successfully maintains a balanced and proportional approach in utilizing both external and internal focalization. This balance ensures a meaningful distribution of information between the reader and the characters, effectively conveying the dominant ideology of the text. The organization of event sequences by the narrator-focalizer is structured in such a way that, in most instances, the reader does not possess more information than the characters. However, the reader is implicitly engaged in the psychological exploration of the characters' destinies, maintaining a distinct yet introspective presence within the text’s systemic framework.

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Published

2025-01-03

Submitted

2024-10-18

Revised

2024-12-09

Accepted

2024-12-24

Issue

Section

مقالات

How to Cite

Ghasemi Ebrahim Abadi , M. . ., & Basiri, M. (2025). Analysis of Focalization Techniques in the Story of Vis and Ramin by Fakhr al-Din As’ad Gorgani. Treasury of Persian Language and Literature, 2(4), 72-87. https://jtpll.com/index.php/jtpll/article/view/69

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