The Evolution of Style in Modern Kurdish Poetry (With Emphasis on the Poems of Abdullah Goran, Abdullah Pashiw, and Sherko Bekas)

Abstract

The present study aimed to examine the evolution of style in modern Kurdish poetry with an emphasis on the poems of Abdullah Goran, Abdullah Pashiw, and Sherko Bekas. In terms of purpose, this research is theoretical, and in terms of nature, it is descriptive-analytical. The method of data collection was library-based, and the instrument used consisted of note-taking from books, articles, and other sources. This study introduces the prominent figures of Kurdish poetry during the last century in Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey and attempts to investigate the formal transformations and intellectual themes in the works of poets belonging to this ethnic group. The findings indicate that Kurdish poetry during this period, under the influence of Persian modernist poets, tended toward Nimaic, free verse, and graphic poetry styles, and through linguistic and literary transformations, reflected the aspirations and sufferings of the Kurdish people. Abdullah Suleiman (Goran) may be regarded as the Nima of Kurdish poetry, who, through innovation in poetic form and vocabulary, shaped the philosophical, social, and political perspectives of his people and called upon his fellow speakers for solidarity. Other prominent poets such as Abdullah Pashiw, Sherko Bekas, Farhad Pirbal, Hashem Seraj, and Jalal Malekshah each played a significant role in transforming the form and language of poetry while advocating for the rights of the Kurdish people and resonating with global demands.