Exploring Spatial and Temporal Metaphors in Bijan Najdi's Works: Examining the Impact of Globalization and Migration on Persian Literary Structures

Abstract

This article explores spatial and temporal metaphors in Bijan Najdi's works, analyzing their role in representing characters' lived experiences in the context of globalization and migration. Findings indicate that Najdi creatively employs spatial metaphors like "home," "border," and nameless, unfamiliar places to evoke a sense of alienation, instability, and dislocation in the reader. These metaphors reflect the social and psychological impacts of globalization, transforming the concept of place into an unpredictable and insecure space. On the other hand, Najdi uses temporal metaphors, portraying time as fragmented and disjointed moments to convey uncertainty and confusion. Such temporal metaphors resonate with the modern human experience in confronting cultural and social changes, especially within the scope of migration and globalization. This study highlights the interplay between spatial and temporal metaphors as tools for representing the identity and emotional challenges of characters in Najdi's works, demonstrating how this blend of metaphors allows readers to empathize with characters' experiences in a globalized and migratory world. Adopting a comparative literature and cross-cultural theoretical approach, this study offers an in-depth understanding of the impacts of globalization and migration on Persian literary structures. Findings suggest that Najdi's works, by utilizing these metaphors, intricately portray the existential and psychological complexities faced by individuals in contemporary times.