A Sociological Approach to Rumi's Thought on the Theory of Determinism and Free Will (With an Emphasis on the Masnavi-ye Ma'navi)

Abstract

Structuralist sociology is a theoretical approach aimed at understanding the systems and social structures that shape social concepts and behaviors. This type of sociology represents an effort to utilize models and theories to explain and develop societal systems and structures, which are designed based on modeling and patterning frameworks. A sociological study of the narratives within the Masnavi—as a reflection of how members of society interpret and respond to various events and phenomena—can offer credible and valuable critiques and analyses of the society contemporary to the composition of this work. By employing diverse models and diagrams, as well as critiques and analyses based on these frameworks, and through the analytical examination of the Masnavi’s tales in light of the mentioned patterns and models, a comprehensive understanding of societal behaviors and responses to various issues becomes possible. This sociological investigation can aid in identifying the underlying causes behind specific behaviors and reactions, as well as their impacts on social dynamism. Moreover, it can offer insight into the interactions among different social systems, contributing to more informed decision-making regarding optimal management of social institutions. Among the behaviors and reactions of individuals within society—those that significantly influence interpersonal interactions in various social contexts—is the belief in absolute determinism or complete free will in the execution of daily life affairs. From the analysis of the six books of the Masnavi, it was concluded that this subject is complex, controversial, and to some extent, inseparable. Rumi avoids making dogmatic or definitive statements on these matters; however, he condemns the notion of determinism when it is misused by the indolent and ignorant, and he rejects the form of free will that leads to excess and chaos.